OSPF 虚链路
通过配置OSPF
虚链路连接到骨干区域。
实验拓扑
如图所示连接,地址规划如下:
名称 | 接口 | IP地址 |
---|---|---|
R1 | f0/0 | 192.168.10.1/24 |
R1 | f0/1 | 192.168.20.1/24 |
R2 | f0/0 | 192.168.20.2/24 |
R2 | f0/1 | 192.168.30.1/24 |
R3 | f0/0 | 192.168.30.2/24 |
R3 | f0/1 | 192.168.40.1/24 |
R4 | f0/0 | 192.168.40.2/24 |
R4 | f0/1 | 192.168.50.1/24 |
PC1 | e0 | 192.168.10.2/24 |
PC2 | e0 | 192.168.50.2/24 |
配置方法
R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 R2(config-router)#ex
配置过程
R1
R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int f0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no sh R1(config-if)#ex R1(config)#int f0/1 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no sh R1(config-if)#ex R1(config)#int loopback 0 R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 R1(config-if)#no sh R1(config-if)#ex R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 R1(config-router)#ex
R2
R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#int f0/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no sh R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#int f0/1 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no sh R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#int loopback 0 R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 R2(config-if)#no sh R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R2(config-router)#ex
R3
R3#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3(config)#int f0/0 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no sh R3(config-if)#ex R3(config)#int f0/1 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no sh R3(config-if)#ex R3(config)#int loopback 0 R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 R3(config-if)#no sh R3(config-if)#ex R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R3(config-router)#ex
R4
R4#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R4(config)#int f0/0 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#no sh R4(config-if)#ex R4(config)#int f0/1 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#no sh R4(config-if)#ex R4(config)#int loopback 0 R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 R4(config-if)#no sh R4(config-if)#ex R4(config)#router ospf 1 R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R4(config-router)#ex
第一次查看路由表
- R1
R1(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
- R2
R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:09:52, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:05:59, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:42, FastEthernet0/1
- R3
R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:02:01, FastEthernet0/1
- R4
R4(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:02:27, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
配置虚链路
R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 R2(config-router)#ex
R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 R3(config-router)#ex
第二次查看路由表
R1(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:02:08, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:27, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:27, FastEthernet0/1
R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:02:19, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/1
R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:39, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:39, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:08:17, FastEthernet0/1
R4(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:08:32, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:34, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:34, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
验证结果
配置 IP 地址
PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1
PC2> ip 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.1 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.50.1
ping 测试
PC1> ping 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=85.890 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=80.743 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=83.772 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=85.761 ms
PC2> ping 192.168.10.2 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=76.961 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=84.788 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=79.753 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=77.792 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=83.964 ms
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